Chapter 2:

Products

Completing TobaccoEDU for credit?

YES! I need a certificate of completion once I've finished all the chapters.

NO! I do not need a certificate of completion.

In the United States, tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death. There are many different forms of tobacco, such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), traditional cigarettes, alternative products and smokeless products. No form of tobacco is completely safe, because any type of tobacco use can cause heart disease, stroke, lung disease, or cancer.

This video talks about the history of e-cigarettes and vapes, how they’ve evolved, and the risks of using these products.

Young adults say their reason for trying ENDS are curiosity, flavor, taste, and they believe that e-cigs are less harmful than other tobacco products. Of all young adults who have used tobacco (even once), 81% started with a flavored product.¹

There are currently more than 460 e-cigarette brands on the market.² Researchers have been able to find over 15,500 distinctive e-cigarette flavors accessible online.³

What’s in a Vape/E-Cig?

Tour the chemical factory!

Propylene Glycol

Used to create: artificial smoke, fog, antifreeze

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2011). Propylene Glycol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=240

2. Song, M.-A., Reisinger, S. A., Freudenheim, J. L., Brasky, T. M., Mathé, E. A., McElroy, J. P., Nickerson, Q. A., Weng, D. Y., Wewers, M. D., & Shields, P. G. (2020). Effects of Electronic Cigarette Constituents on the Human Lung: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Cancer Prevention Research, 13(2), 145–152.https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0400

Acetaldehyde

Found in: perfumes, basic dyes, fish preservative, fuel

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2000). Health Assessment Document for Acetaldehyde. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/acetaldehyde.pdf

Formaldehyde

Found in: glues, paints, fertilizers and pesticides, dishwashing liquids, and fabric softeners

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2016, Februrary 10). Formaldehyde and Your Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved fromhttps://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/formaldehyde/index.html

Diacetyl

Chemical linked to serious lung disease

1. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2017, October 3). Flavorings-Related Lung Disease: Exposures to Flavoring Chemicals—NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/flavorings/exposure.html

Benzene

Shown to cause damage to DNA
Found in: car exhaust

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). TEACH Chemical Summary for Benzene. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development. Retrieved from https://archive.epa.gov/region5/teach/web/pdf/benz_summary.pdf

Nickel

Found in: meteorites

Emitted from: volcanoes

Used to make: batteries, coins, jewelry

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2011, March 3). Toxic Substances Portal: Nickel. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/toxsubstance.asp?toxid=44

Tin

Found in: toothpaste, perfumes, soaps

Used to make: pesticides, paints, rodent repellents, plastics

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2005). Toxic Substances Portal: Tin and Compounds. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=541&tid=98

Volatile Organic Compounds

Released from burning: gasoline, wood, coal

1. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017, May 31). Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Your Environment, Your Health. Tox Town. Retrieved August 23, 2020, from https://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/chemicals-and-contaminants/volatile-organic-compounds-vocs

ENDS Risks

The mid to long-term effects of ENDS are not yet understood, given that ENDS have been available in the U.S. for less than a decade. However, the use of e-cigarettes leads to health risks, and scientists continue to research more about the long-term effects of using ENDS products.¹

What We Know

Many people using e-cigarettes or other vaping products have recently reported severe lung disease¹
ENDS produce aerosol that contain chemicals linked to central nervous system problems, long-term negative health effects, and cancer^2,3
Defective e-cigarette batteries have caused fires and explosions, resulting in serious injuries⁴

Children and adults have been poisoned by breathing, swallowing, or absorbing e-cigarette liquid through their skin or eyes⁴
Inhaling nicotine from ENDS can damage your blood vessels⁵
Youth who use e-cigarettes are more likely to use actual cigarettes in the future⁶

ENDS: Myth vs. Reality

Click the myths to reveal the realities.

Flip the Myths

Myth:

E-cigarettes produce a harmless water vapor. There’s no secondhand vapor.

Reality:

E-cigarettes produce a vapor that has nicotine, harmful chemicals, and toxins known to cause cancer (among other things). These chemicals and toxins include things like formaldehyde, lead, & nickel.^1,2,3

Myth:

E-cigarettes aren’t addictive.

Reality:

Nicotine is a poison and a highly addictive drug. Nicotine is one of the main ingredients in
e-cigarettes and tobacco products.^2,4

Myth:

E-cigarettes can help people quit tobacco.

Reality:

E-cigarettes are NOT approved by the U.S. FDA to help people quit tobacco. You may know someone who has stopped using tobacco and switched to e-cigarettes but switching isn’t quitting.^2,5,6

Myth:

Big Tobacco is not involved in making
e-cigarettes.

Reality:

All major tobacco companies now make
e-cigarettes. In less than 10 years, Big Tobacco will sell the majority of
e-cigarettes in the U.S.^2,7,8

Myth:

E-cigarettes are not tobacco.

Reality:

The nicotine in most
e-cigarettes comes from the tobacco plant, just like cigarettes.^2,9,10

Young people who use ENDS, are more likely to smoke traditional cigarettes.¹

Cigarette smoking accounts for more than 480,000 deaths every year, or about 1 in 5 deaths.²

10x times as many people have died prematurely from smoking than have died in all the wars fought by the U.S.¹

In America, tobacco use is the number one cause of preventable deaths and causes more deaths than alcohol, AIDS, car crashes, illegal drugs, murders and suicides combined.²

World-wide, tobacco use causes more than 7 million deaths a year.³

According to the CDC, in 2018 about 49.1 million U.S. adults, aged 18 and up, were current smokers.⁴

The total mortality rate, for both female and male smokers in the U.S., is about 3X higher than non-smokers.

Cigarette Risks

Chronic
Diseases

Cancers

Human body with the areas affected by Smoking related diseases

What’s in a Cigarette?

Cigarette smoke contains hydrogen cyanide, which has been used in
prison executions.¹

Urea is found in both cigarettes and urine.^2,3

Geraniol is found in cigarettes and pesticides.⁴

Toluene is found in gasoline, explosives, and cigarette smoke.⁵

This video talks about what happens to your body when you stop smoking after 20 minutes,
2 hours, 24 hours, etc.

Tobacco comes in a variety of different forms, none of which are completely safe.

Other forms of tobacco include hookahs, cigars, cigarillos, and smokeless tobacco.

All smokeless tobacco products can lead to nicotine addiction. Studies indicate that smokeless tobacco products keep nicotine in the bloodstream longer than cigarettes.

True or False.
Smokeless tobacco is a safe
alternative to cigarettes, ENDS and
alternative tobacco products.

True

False

Chapter 2:

Products

Acrolein

Used in: herbicide primarily used to kill weeds

1. U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services. (2007). TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR ACROLEIN. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp124.pdf

Lead

Used in: paint, ceramics, pipes, gasoline, batteries

1. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (n.d.). Lead. Retrieved August 23, 2020, from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/lead/index.cfm

Manganese

Found in: plant fertilizers, animal feed

1. U.S. Geological Survey. (n.d.). National Minerals Information Center. Manganese Statistics and Information. Retrieved August 23, 2020, from https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/manganese-statistics-and-information

Toluene

Found in: car exhaust, paint thinners, nail polish, and stain removers, TNT, degreasers

1. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. (2019, October 1). Toluene. Retrieved from https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/toluene.htm

Chromium

Used in: leather tanning, paint pigments

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2008, December 18). Chromium Toxicity. What is Chromium? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=10&po=4

Chapter 2:

Products

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